Anesthesia Technologist Practice Exam

Pneumothorax is a well-known risk associated with central line placement due to the potential for a needle or catheter to puncture the pleura, which can lead to air escaping into the pleural space. This can happen particularly during subclavian or jugular vein access, where the risk is higher because of the proximity to the lungs. If a pneumothorax occurs, it can result in respiratory distress, decreased oxygenation, and even necessitate further medical interventions such as chest tube placement to evacuate the air.

In comparing it to the other options, bradycardia is not directly associated with central line placement; rather, it may occur due to other reasons such as vagal stimulation during the procedure. Hyperventilation is typically a response to anxiety or pain, which doesn't specifically relate to the risk of central lines. Skin irritation can occur around the site of the central line, but it is considered a minor concern compared to the possibility of life-threatening complications like pneumothorax. Therefore, the most significant and applicable risk during central line placement is indeed pneumothorax.