Anesthesia Technologist Practice Exam

What is a significant characteristic of hypermetabolism in patients with malignant hyperthermia?

1. Decreased carbon dioxide production

2. Increased carbon dioxide production

3. Stable metabolic rate

4. Reduced oxygen consumption

The correct answer is: Increased carbon dioxide production

In patients experiencing malignant hyperthermia, a significant characteristic is the increased carbon dioxide production. This condition is a hypermetabolic state triggered by certain anesthetic agents or succinylcholine in genetically predisposed individuals. During an episode of malignant hyperthermia, there is an unregulated increase in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles, leading to sustained muscle contraction and heightened metabolic activity. As metabolism increases, the muscle cells produce more energy through increased aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, resulting in a notable surge in carbon dioxide (CO2) production. This excess CO2 is often reflected in changes in blood gases and is a key indicator of the hypermetabolic state associated with malignant hyperthermia. The decrease in carbon dioxide production, a stable metabolic rate, or reduced oxygen consumption would not correctly represent the hypermetabolic state seen in these patients. Rather, they would imply a normal or diminished metabolic activity, which is contrary to the pathophysiological processes occurring during malignant hyperthermia.